Leopard row (Tricholoma pardinum)
Systematics:- Department: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
- Subdivision: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
- Class: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
- Subclass: Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
- Order: Agaricales (Agaric or Lamellar)
- Family: Tricholomataceae (Tricholomaceae or Ordinary)
- Genus: Tricholoma (Tricholoma or Ryadovka)
- Species: Tricholoma pardinum (Leopard row)
- Other names for the mushroom:
- Tiger row
- The row is poisonous
Synonyms:
The row is poisonous
Row leopard
- Agaricus unguentatus
- Tricholoma unguentatum
First officially described by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1801, Tricholoma pardinum has an intricate taxonomic history that spans over two centuries. In 1762, the German naturalist Jacob Christian Schäffer described the species Agaricus tigrinus with an illustration corresponding to what is believed to be T. pardinum, and hence the name Tricholoma tigrinum was mistakenly used in some European works.
As of now (Spring 2019): Some sources believe that the name Tricholoma tigrinum is synonymous with Tricholoma pardinum. However, authoritative databases (Species Fungorum, MycoBank) support Tricholoma tigrinum as a separate species, although at present this name can hardly be used in practice and there is no modern description for it.
Description
Hat : 4-12 cm, under favorable conditions up to 15 centimeters in diameter. In young mushrooms it is spherical, then bell-convex, in mature mushrooms it is flat-spread, with a thin, curled inward edge. It is often irregular in shape, with cracks, curves and bends.
The skin of the cap is off-white, grayish white, light silvery gray or blackish gray, sometimes with a bluish tinge. Covered with darker, flaky scales, arranged concentrically, which give some "streak", hence the name - "tiger".
Plates : wide, 8-12 mm wide, fleshy, medium frequency, adherent with a tooth, with plates. Whitish, often with a greenish or yellowish tinge, mature mushrooms emit small watery droplets.
Spore powder : white.
Spores : 8-10 x 6-7 microns, ovoid or ellipsoidal, smooth, colorless.
Stem : 4-15 cm in height and 2-3.5 cm in diameter, cylindrical, sometimes thickened at the base, solid, in young mushrooms with a slightly fibrous surface, later almost glabrous. White or with a light ocher bloom, ocher-rusty at the base.
Flesh : dense, whitish, at the cap, under the skin - grayish, in the stem, closer to the base - yellowish on the cut, does not change color at the cut and break.
Chemical reactions : KOH is negative on the surface of the cap.
Taste : soft, not bitter, not associated with anything unpleasant, sometimes a little sweet.
Smell : soft, floury.
Season and distribution
It grows on soil from August to October in coniferous and mixed with conifers, less often deciduous (with the presence of beech and oak) forests, on the edges. Prefers calcareous soils. Fruiting bodies appear both singly and in small groups, can form "witch circles", can grow in small "concretions". The fungus is common throughout the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, but rather rare.
Edibility
The mushroom is poisonous , often indicated as deadly poisonous .
According to toxicological studies, the toxic substance has not been precisely identified.
After taking the tiger ryadovka in food, extremely unpleasant gastrointestinal and general symptoms appear: nausea, increased sweating, dizziness, convulsions, vomiting and diarrhea. They occur within 15 minutes to 2 hours after consumption and often persist for several hours, with full recovery usually taking 4 to 6 days. Cases of liver damage have been reported. The toxin, whose identity is unknown, appears to cause sudden inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the stomach and intestines.
At the slightest suspicion of poisoning, you should immediately consult a doctor.
Similar species
The row is earthy-gray (Tricholoma terreum) is much less "fleshy", pay attention to the location of the scales on the cap, in the Myshat the cap is radially striated, in the tiger scales they form stripes.
Other rows with white-silver scaly caps.